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Contents

1. Introducing critical participatory action research Why we wrote this book The changing field of action research The things only participatory research can do An example: Recycling at Braxton High School, Canada Action research history: different kinds, foci and purposes of action research Different kinds of action research Changing foci of action research in education Different purposes of action research Critical participatory action research as a disciplined way of making change The people who typically conduct critical participatory action research An example in education Blurring boundaries: theorists and practitioners, researchers and practitioners Critical participatory action research as a practice-changing practice References 2. A new view of participation: Participation in public spheres Participation in communication Communicative action and communicative space Ten key features of public spheres: Comments for critical participatory action researchers Conclusion: 'Participation' in critical participatory action research is participation in public spheres References 3. A new view of practice: Practices held in place by practice architectures Defining practice Practices and practice architectures Practices and practice architectures in critical participatory action research Critical participatory action research as a practice-changing practice References 4. A new view of research: Research within practice traditions What's critical about critical participatory action research? Research perspectives in critical participatory action research Critical participatory action research as a kind of research Researching practice from within practice traditions Using the practice architectures analysis table to find a felt concern that will be the focus of a critical participatory action research initiative References 5. Doing critical participatory action research: The 'planner' part Practising critical participatory action research Critical participatory action research in education: Are our practices educational? Reconnaissance Opening communicative space - establishing a public sphere Dialogues between system and lifeworld, strategic action and communicative action Questions to identify a shared felt concern in relation to our practices and what holds our practices in place An initial statement about what you intend to do Planning Changing practices and practice architectures The product of planning - a collective rationale and plan for change Enacting the plan and observing how it works Enacting and observing: The product Reflection Reflection: The product The spiral of cycles of self-reflection References 6. Examples of critical participatory action research Example 1: The recycling project at Braxton High School, Canada Example 2: The self-directed learning project at Grace Elementary School, Canada Example 3: The graphic novel project at Joseph Junior High School, Canada Example 4: The Teacher Talk project in an Australian university Example 5: The Yirrkala Ganma education project: Critical participatory action research in an Indigenous community The concept of Ganma Ganma education and the practice of critical participatory action research ConclusionReferences 7. Resources for critical participatory action researchers Resource 1: Creating a public sphere and identifying a shared felt concern Identifying educational legitimation deficits Identifying more general legitimation deficits Resource 2: Some notes on research ethics for critical participatory action researchers General principles of research ethics: respecting persons, avoiding harm, justice and beneficence Informed consent and assent Dependent relationships Confidentiality and anonymity Mutual trust and mutual vulnerability Additional reading Resource 3: Critical participatory action research group protocols: Ethical agreements for participation in public spheres Resource 4: Principles of procedure for action researchers Resource 5: Keeping a journal Resource 6: Gathering evidence, documenting (1) Diaries, journals, logs, and blogs (2) Written records: field notes, anecdotal or running records, event sampling (3) Interviews (4) Audio and video recording, and photographs (5) Dataplay and fotonovela (6) Document analysis (7) Questionnaires and surveys (8) Interaction schedules and checklists (9) Student work samples and assessment tasks Some cautionary notes Resource 7: Reporting: For yourself and others Reporting action research undertaken as part of a course of study Resource 8: Choosing an academic partner to work with a critical participatory action research initiative References Index

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