Translating cutting-edge research into practical recommendations for assessment and instruction, this book has helped thousands of readers understand the key role of phonological awareness in the development of reading, writing, and spelling. It clearly shows how children's knowledge about the sound structure of spoken language contributes to literacy acquisition. Evidence-based strategies are described for enhancing all learners' phonological awareness and effectively supporting those who are struggling (ages 3-17). The book discusses ways to tailor instruction and intervention for a broad range of students, including English language learners (ELLs) and those with reading or language disorders. New to This Edition: *Incorporates over a decade of important advances in research, assessment, and instruction. *Chapter on ELLs, plus additional insights on ELLs woven throughout the book, including new case studies. *Chapter on spelling development. *Significantly revised coverage of children with complex communication needs.